(A119) Evidence-Based Approaches to Advancing DEI in Otolaryngology: A Systematic Review

Introduction: Diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) efforts remain underdeveloped in otolaryngology, with longstanding gaps in representation and leadership pathways. These gaps have potential implications for workplace culture and addressing healthcare disparities. This systematic review investigated DEI efforts to assess available evidence and identify opportunities for progress.

Methods: A PRISMA-guided systematic review was conducted across PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, and Web of Science. Eligible studies addressed DEI within otolaryngology. Two reviewers independently screened articles, performed data extraction, conducted risk of bias assessment, and analyzed studies for thematic focus, evidence quality, and actionable recommendations.

Results: Of 2,535 articles screened, 87 met inclusion criteria. Studies addressed race (60.9%), gender (75.9%), pay gaps (6.9%), LGBTQ+ populations (5.8%), socioeconomic status (1.2%), and ableism (1.2%). Literature included articles describing current state (74.7%); cross-disciplinary evidence-based strategies (12.7%); and original investigations (12.7%). Evidence supports structured mentorship, sponsorship, allyship initiatives, virtual platforms, and bias-reduction techniques to improve recruitment, retention, and leadership. Successful interventions (5.8%) included DEI committees, a mentorship program, and equitable recruitment changes.

Conclusions: Significant gaps persist in actionable, evidence-based DEI initiatives within otolaryngology, particularly in addressing intersectional identities and underrepresented sectors. Future research should prioritize outcome-focused interventions. Strengthening DEI across sub-specialties and applying proven strategies can build belonging, diversify leadership, and advance health equity.